[Research Progress of CircRNA and Its Application Prospect in Forensic Medicine]

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Genomics
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules characterized by a unique covalently closed loop structure.
• They exhibit high stability and tissue-specific expression patterns, distinguishing them from linear RNAs.
• Emerging evidence highlights the significant regulatory roles of circRNAs in various biological processes and disease pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the fundamental biological characteristics of circRNAs.
• To summarize current methodologies for circRNA analysis.
• To explore the research progress and potential of circRNAs as biomarkers in clinical diagnostics and forensic medicine.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on circRNA.
• Analysis of circRNA biogenesis and function.
• Evaluation of circRNA detection and quantification techniques.
• Assessment of circRNA's role in disease and forensic applications.

Main Results:

• CircRNAs possess unique structural and stability features.
• Diverse analytical methods exist for circRNA identification and quantification.
• CircRNAs show promise as diagnostic biomarkers for various diseases.
• Their tissue specificity and stability suggest potential in forensic investigations.

Conclusions:

• Circular RNAs are a significant class of noncoding RNAs with substantial regulatory functions.
• CircRNAs hold considerable potential as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and mechanistic studies.
• Further research into circRNAs could advance applications in clinical diagnostics and forensic science.