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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Group Design02:01

Group Design

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The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
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Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Anticancer Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy with Lung Cancer-Targeted Nanoparticles
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Nanoparticles designed to regulate tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy.

Min Li1, Fangrong Zhang1, Yujie Su1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.

Life Sciences
|March 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Nanotechnology using nanoparticles (NPs) offers new ways to regulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) for better cancer treatment. These NPs can deliver microRNAs (miRNAs) to combat tumor progression and improve therapeutic outcomes.

Keywords:
Cancer therapyNanoparticleRegulationTumor microenvironmentmicroRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly influences cancer progression and treatment efficacy.
  • Current therapies often face challenges due to the TME's complex role in supporting tumor growth and resisting treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in nanotechnology-based strategies for regulating the TME.
  • To explore the potential of nanoparticles (NPs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in overcoming therapeutic barriers.

Main Methods:

  • Summarizing NP-based strategies targeting TME components like angiogenesis, extracellular matrix (ECM), tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs).
  • Highlighting the use of NPs for the delivery of miRNAs to the TME.

Main Results:

  • NPs can be engineered to target specific TME components, distinguishing malignant from healthy tissues.
  • NP systems facilitate effective delivery of miRNAs, overcoming their rapid degradation and expanding nucleic acid drug applications.
  • Strategies include anti-angiogenesis, ECM remodeling, and TAF/TAM modulation.

Conclusions:

  • Tailoring NP design to TME characteristics can reverse drug resistance and optimize drug distribution.
  • Nanotechnology-based approaches hold significant promise for developing more effective cancer therapies by modulating the TME.