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Langerhans cells in connective tissue diseases.

J P Goobar, M Fang, M H Weisman

    Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Langerhans cells (LC) in connective tissue diseases show normal density in SLE and DLE, but decreased in scleroderma skin. This suggests a localized issue rather than a systemic problem with these immune cells.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunodermatology
    • Connective Tissue Diseases

    Background:

    • Langerhans cells (LC) are crucial accessory cells in skin immunity.
    • Alterations in LC populations are observed in various skin conditions.
    • Their role in connective tissue diseases requires further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantitatively analyze Langerhans cell density in skin biopsies from patients with connective tissue diseases.
    • To investigate potential differences in LC populations between various disease manifestations and normal skin.

    Main Methods:

    • Quantitative analysis of skin biopsies from 20 patients with connective tissue diseases.
    • Immunohistochemical staining using ATPase, anti-DR, and anti-OKT6 markers.
    • Assessment of LC density in lesional and clinically normal skin.

    Main Results:

    • Normal LC densities were observed in clinically normal skin of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients and lesional skin of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE).
    • A significant decrease in ATPase and OKT6 expression (indicating reduced LC) was found in clinically involved skin of scleroderma patients.
    • Clinically normal skin from the same scleroderma patients showed largely normal LC density.

    Conclusions:

    • Perturbations in Langerhans cell populations in connective tissue diseases, particularly scleroderma, appear to be a localized phenomenon.
    • The findings do not support a widespread systemic derangement of skin accessory cells in these conditions.
    • LC alterations may be secondary to local disease processes rather than a primary systemic defect.

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