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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

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ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Optical Control of Living Cells Electrical Activity by Conjugated Polymers
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Thermo-Driven Controllable Emulsion Separation by a Polymer-Decorated Membrane with Switchable Wettability.

Weifeng Zhang1, Na Liu2, Qingdong Zhang1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|March 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A novel thermoresponsive membrane made from Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) can separate oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions. This adaptable membrane works efficiently across different temperatures, offering a low-cost solution for various applications.

Keywords:
emulsion separationhydrothermal synthesismaterials sciencespecial wettabilitythermo-responsive polymer

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Separating oil-water emulsions is crucial for environmental protection and industrial processes.
  • Existing methods often lack efficiency, versatility, or cost-effectiveness for diverse emulsion types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel thermoresponsive membrane for efficient separation of both oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions.
  • To investigate the temperature-dependent separation capabilities of the modified membrane.
  • To assess the material's recyclability and potential for real-world applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)-modified nylon membrane using a facile hydrothermal route.
  • Characterization of the membrane's structure, pore size, and thermoresponsive wettability.
  • Testing the membrane's separation efficiency for at least 16 types of stabilized emulsions at temperatures below and above its Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST).

Main Results:

  • The PNIPAAm-modified membrane exhibited tunable wettability, becoming hydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic below its LCST (approx. 25°C) for oil-in-water emulsion separation.
  • Above its LCST (approx. 45°C), the membrane became hydrophobic and superoleophilic, enabling the separation of water-in-oil emulsions.
  • The membrane demonstrated high separation efficiency and excellent recyclability for various emulsion types, utilizing a low-cost fabrication method.

Conclusions:

  • The developed thermoresponsive membrane offers a versatile and efficient solution for separating diverse oil-water emulsions.
  • The facile hydrothermal fabrication method and the membrane's performance highlight its potential for practical applications like oil-spill cleanup and wastewater treatment.
  • This technology presents a promising, cost-effective approach for on-demand emulsion separation in industrial and environmental contexts.