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Related Concept Videos

The Hall Effect01:30

The Hall Effect

4.4K
Edwin H. Hall, in the year 1879, devised an experiment that could be used to identify the polarity of the predominant charge carriers in a conducting material. From a historical perspective, this experiment was the first to demonstrate that the charge carriers in most metals are negative.
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.5K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.7K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.7K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.5K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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Generating a Fractal Microstructure of Laminin-111 to Signal to Cells
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Generating a Fractal Microstructure of Laminin-111 to Signal to Cells

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Spin Hall effect originated from fractal surface.

I Hajzadeh1, S M Mohseni1, S M S Movahed1

  • 1Faculty of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839, Iran.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|March 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Correlated surface roughness significantly enhances the spin Hall effect (SHE) in metallic thin films. Decreasing roughness exponent H boosts the spin Hall angle, revealing surface details as key to manipulating SHE in non-heavy metals.

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Area of Science:

  • Spintronics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The spin Hall effect (SHE) is crucial for spintronics and magnonics.
  • SHE arises from spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and is influenced by surface roughness.
  • Understanding SHE in materials with small SOC is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the impact of correlated surface roughness on SHE in metallic thin films with low SOC.
  • To explore how surface roughness parameters influence SHE magnitude and mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a theoretical approach based on the Born approximation.
  • Modeled self-affine fractal surfaces using the k-correlation model.
  • Characterized surface roughness by exponent H, correlation length ξ, and amplitude δ.

Main Results:

  • The spin Hall angle increased by two orders of magnitude as H decreased from 1 to 0.
  • For Gaussian surface profiles, side jump scattering dominated SHE.
  • Non-Gaussian profiles indicated contributions from both side jump and skew scatterings.

Conclusions:

  • Surface roughness details, particularly the roughness exponent, can significantly adjust SHE in non-heavy metals.
  • The findings highlight the role of surface morphology in tuning spintronic properties.
  • This work provides insights into controlling SHE through surface engineering.