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Pseudoprogression and hyperprogression after checkpoint blockade.

Qiaohong Wang1, Jingze Gao1, Xia Wu1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai 200127, PR China.

International Immunopharmacology
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors show promise in cancer treatment but can cause unusual responses like hyperprogression, a rapid tumor growth. Further research is needed to understand and identify this detrimental effect in patients.

Keywords:
Checkpoint inhibitorHyperprogressionPseudoprogressionTumor growth rate

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) offer significant clinical benefits for various cancers.
  • Patient responses to ICIs are heterogeneous, including pseudoprogression and hyperprogression.
  • Hyperprogression is a rare but rapid tumor progression after immunotherapy, posing a clinical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing research on hyperprogression following immune checkpoint blockade.
  • To highlight the unknown aspects of hyperprogression, including its incidence, basis, and predictive biomarkers.
  • To identify areas requiring further investigation in hyperprogression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on immune checkpoint inhibitors and tumor response.
  • Analysis of clinical data and research findings related to pseudoprogression and hyperprogression.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on the mechanisms and identification of hyperprogression.

Main Results:

  • Pseudoprogression is increasingly understood, but hyperprogression remains largely uncharacterized.
  • The incidence, underlying mechanisms, and predictive biomarkers for hyperprogression are largely unknown.
  • Immune checkpoint blockade may detrimentally affect a small subset of patients, leading to hyperprogression.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate evaluation of ICI efficacy is crucial to avoid premature treatment withdrawal or prolonged ineffective therapy.
  • Further research is urgently needed to elucidate the incidence, basis, and identification of hyperprogression.
  • Understanding hyperprogression is essential for optimizing immunotherapy strategies and patient outcomes.