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Related Concept Videos

The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
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The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase
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Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase

Published on: May 29, 2008

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Conceptualizing plant systems evolution.

Ute Krämer1

  • 1Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, ND3/30, D-44801 Bochum, Germany.

Current Opinion in Plant Biology
|March 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Organisms in extreme environments offer insights into evolutionary adaptations. The

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Plant physiology
  • Systems biology

Background:

  • Organisms in extreme environments serve as models for understanding evolutionary adaptations.
  • Comparative approaches can reveal molecular alterations driving phenotypic divergence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss physiological mechanisms of evolutionary adaptation to extreme environments.
  • To propose the 'conserved steady-state' hypothesis.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical discussion integrating experimental observations.
  • Comparative analysis of molecular alterations.

Main Results:

  • The 'conserved steady-state' hypothesis suggests conserved cytosolic mineral ion concentrations in related plants adapted to different soils.

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  • Enhanced gene product dosage may play a key role in plant evolutionary adaptations, challenging stimulus-response paradigms.
  • Co-regulation networks might lack critical functional elements.

    • Conclusions:

    • Evolutionary adaptations to extreme environments involve conserved homeostatic set points.
    • Future research should focus on experimental testing and quantitative modeling of these adaptations.