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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Science

Background:

  • The human respiratory tract, once thought sterile, hosts a diverse microbiome including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea.
  • The respiratory virome, comprising numerous unidentified viruses, plays an unknown role in lung health and disease.
  • A balanced respiratory microbiome may exist, with dysbiosis occurring due to disease or treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the impact of lung transplantation on the respiratory microbiome.
  • To investigate the role of viral blooms and dysbiosis in lung allograft dysfunction.
  • To understand the relationship between the microbiome and lung allografts for improved therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing new-generation sequencing tools to analyze the respiratory microbiome.
  • Observing viral species dynamics during the ex-vivo period of donor lungs.
  • Correlating allograft injury, rejection, and immunosuppression with microbiome dysbiosis.

Main Results:

  • Lung transplantation significantly alters the recipient's respiratory microbiome, introducing the donor's microbiome.
  • The ex-vivo preservation of donor lungs is linked to increased viral populations.
  • Immune suppression and infections contribute to dysbiosis, potentially leading to chronic allograft dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Lung transplantation causes profound changes in the respiratory microbiome, including viral shifts.
  • Dysbiosis, exacerbated by infections, is implicated in chronic allograft dysfunction after lung transplantation.
  • Further research into the lung microbiome-allograft interaction may guide novel therapies for better transplant outcomes.