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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

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Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
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In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.
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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
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Nitric oxide-donating compounds for IOP lowering in glaucoma.

V Andrés-Guerrero1, J García-Feijoo2

  • 1Servicio de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Red de Enfermedades Oculares OftaRed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.

Archivos De La Sociedad Espanola De Oftalmologia
|March 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Nitric oxide (NO)-donating compounds show promise for lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma treatment by enhancing aqueous humor outflow. Further research is needed to confirm their long-term safety and efficacy for chronic use.

Keywords:
Agentes hipotensoresAntihypertensive agentsAqueous humour outflowDonadores de óxido nítricoGlaucomaIntraocular pressureNitric oxide donorsPresión intraocular

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmacology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the primary risk factor for glaucoma progression.
  • Current treatments focus on reducing aqueous humor (AH) production or increasing uveoscleral outflow.
  • A need exists for therapies that enhance conventional AH outflow, where nitric oxide (NO) plays a role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanism of action of endogenous NO and NO-donating compounds.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of NO-donating compounds for ocular hypertension and glaucoma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pre-clinical and clinical studies on NO-donating compounds.
  • Analysis of NO's role in AH outflow pathways and ciliary muscle function.

Main Results:

  • Topical ocular administration of NO-donating compounds significantly reduced IOP in animal models.
  • These compounds effectively lowered and maintained IOP in subjects with ocular hypertension.

Conclusions:

  • NO-donating compounds present a novel mechanism for lowering IOP.
  • Promising results warrant further comprehensive studies on long-term safety and tolerability for chronic glaucoma therapy.