Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

30.1K
Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
30.1K
Genomics02:02

Genomics

40.9K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
40.9K
Rate-Determining Steps03:08

Rate-Determining Steps

37.5K
Relating Reaction Mechanisms
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
The concept of rate-determining step can be understood from the analogy of a 4-lane freeway with a short-stretch of traffic-bottleneck caused due to...
37.5K
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

37.3K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
37.3K
Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

393
In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
393
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

9.2K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
9.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparative Study on Milk Production, Milk Components, Feed Intake and Efficiency Parameters of Fleckvieh (German Simmental), Brown Swiss and Fleckvieh × Red Holstein Dairy Cows.

Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition·2025
Same author

Genome-wide association study for milking speed in Fleckvieh cattle.

Journal of dairy science·2024
Same author

How pedigree errors affect genetic evaluations and validation statistics.

Journal of dairy science·2023
Same author

Genotype-by-environment interactions at the trait level and total merit index level for milk production and functional traits in Brown Swiss cattle.

Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience·2021
Same author

Technical note: Methods for interim prediction of single-step breeding values for young animals.

Journal of dairy science·2019
Same author

Short communication: Calculating analytical reliabilities for single-step predictions.

Journal of dairy science·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'
08:31

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'

Published on: May 26, 2013

11.5K

Considering dominance in reduced single-step genomic evaluations.

J Ertl1, C Edel1, E C G Pimentel1

  • 1Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Institute of Animal Breeding, Poing-Grub, Germany.

Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics = Zeitschrift Fur Tierzuchtung Und Zuchtungsbiologie
|March 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Reduced single-step models can efficiently estimate breeding values in cattle. These models offer acceptable quality for bulls and cows, even with limited genomic data, making them practical for genetic evaluations.

Keywords:
accuracydominancegenomic selectionrelationship matrixsingle-step

More Related Videos

An Ultrahigh-throughput Microfluidic Platform for Single-cell Genome Sequencing
10:00

An Ultrahigh-throughput Microfluidic Platform for Single-cell Genome Sequencing

Published on: May 23, 2018

18.3K
Assessing Social Dominance in Mouse Models Using the Tube Test
03:34

Assessing Social Dominance in Mouse Models Using the Tube Test

Published on: June 6, 2025

1.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'
08:31

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'

Published on: May 26, 2013

11.5K
An Ultrahigh-throughput Microfluidic Platform for Single-cell Genome Sequencing
10:00

An Ultrahigh-throughput Microfluidic Platform for Single-cell Genome Sequencing

Published on: May 23, 2018

18.3K
Assessing Social Dominance in Mouse Models Using the Tube Test
03:34

Assessing Social Dominance in Mouse Models Using the Tube Test

Published on: June 6, 2025

1.5K

Area of Science:

  • Animal Breeding and Genetics
  • Quantitative Genetics
  • Genomic Selection

Background:

  • Single-step genomic evaluation models are computationally intensive, limiting practical application.
  • Estimating breeding values, dominance deviations, and total genetic values requires accurate and efficient models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the quality of genetic value estimations using reduced single-step models.
  • To determine if reduced models are suitable for bulls and cows with limited genotyped relatives.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated genetic values and phenotypes for a Fleckvieh cattle population (500 repetitions).
  • Utilized a small pedigree extended with non-genotyped daughters.
  • Compared single-step and various reduced single-step models for genetic value estimation.

Main Results:

  • Reduced single-step models showed better agreement with the full single-step model when more relatives of genotyped individuals were included.
  • Accuracy was highest with the single-step model and lowest with reduced models using only genotyped cows.
  • Reduced models provided acceptable quality for estimating breeding values and genetic parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced single-step models are a viable and computationally feasible alternative for genetic evaluations in cattle.
  • The inclusion of related individuals improves the performance of reduced single-step models.
  • These findings support the practical application of reduced single-step models in animal breeding programs.