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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Determination of Plasma Membrane Partitioning for Peripherally-associated Proteins
Published on: June 15, 2018
Experimental versus theoretical log D7.4 , pKa and plasma protein binding values for benzodiazepines appearing as new
Kieran R Manchester1, Peter D Maskell2, Laura Waters1
1School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, UK.
Abstract:
The misuse of benzodiazepines as new psychoactive substances is an increasing problem around the world. Basic physicochemical and pharmacokinetic data is required on these substances to interpret and predict their effects upon humans. Experimental log D7.4 , pKa and plasma protein binding values were determined for 11 benzodiazepines that have recently appeared as new psychoactive substances (3-hydroxyphenazepam, 4'-chlorodiazepam, desalkylflurazepam, deschloroetizolam, diclazepam, etizolam, flubromazepam, flubromazolam, meclonazepam, phenazepam, and pyrazolam) and compared with values generated by various software packages (ACD/I-lab, MarvinSketch, ADMET Predictor and PreADMET). ACD/I-LAB returned the most accurate values for log D7.4 and plasma protein binding while ADMET Predictor returned the most accurate values for pKa . Large variations in predictive errors were observed between compounds. Experimental values are currently preferable and desirable as they may aid with the future 'training' of predictive models for these new psychoactive substances.
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