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Body Temperature01:25

Body Temperature

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The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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Body Temperature01:07

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Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
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The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
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Increased Body Temperature01:25

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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Ultrafast demagnetization at high temperatures.

F Hoveyda1, E Hohenstein1, R Judge1

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|March 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heat accumulation in Cobalt/Palladium superlattices affects magnetization. Ultrafast demagnetization initially increases with heat but disappears near the Curie temperature, explained by spin-flip scattering.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Ultrafast Magnetism

Background:

  • Cobalt/Palladium (Co/Pd) superlattices are crucial in spintronics.
  • Understanding heat accumulation effects on magnetic properties is vital for device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of variable heat accumulation on ultrafast demagnetization in Co/Pd superlattices.
  • Determine the relationship between temperature, spin fluctuations, and magnetization dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy was employed.
  • Measurements were conducted under varying heat accumulation conditions.

Main Results:

  • Increased heat accumulation led to higher baseline temperatures and reduced equilibrium magnetization.
  • Transient ultrafast demagnetization was observed, correlating with thermal spin fluctuations at higher fluences.
  • Demagnetization diminished as the temperature approached the Curie temperature.

Conclusions:

  • The spin-flip scattering model accurately describes the transient magnetization dynamics.
  • Heat accumulation significantly influences ultrafast demagnetization in Co/Pd superlattices, with effects becoming negligible near the Curie temperature.