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A Simple Flight Mill for the Study of Tethered Flight in Insects
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Top tether effectiveness during side impacts.

Jordan Majstorovic1, Julie Bing1, Eric Dahle2

  • 1a The Ohio State University, Injury Biomechanics Research Center , Columbus , Ohio.

Traffic Injury Prevention
|March 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The top tether

Keywords:
LATCHchild restraint systemchild safetyside impacttop tether

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Area of Science:

  • Automotive Safety
  • Biomechanics
  • Child Passenger Safety

Background:

  • Limited research exists on top tether effectiveness in side-impact crashes.
  • Previous studies collected minimal anthropomorphic test device (ATD) data and observed few scenarios.
  • Understanding top tether effects on ATD responses and child restraint system (CRS) kinematics in side impacts is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of top tether use on ATD responses during side-impact collisions.
  • To analyze the influence of top tethers on child restraint system (CRS) kinematics under various side impact conditions.
  • To compare ATD and CRS performance with and without top tether attachment in simulated side impacts.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted high-speed sled tests using the FMVSS213 side impact sled buck and Q3s ATD.
  • Simulated near-side and far-side impacts at 10° and 30° angles.
  • Evaluated two child restraint systems (CRS A and CRS B) with and without top tether attachment, comparing ATD responses and CRS kinematics.

Main Results:

  • Top tether use increased head accelerations and Head Injury Criterion (HIC15) values in far-side impacts (8-38% and 20-140%, respectively).
  • The top tether reduced lateral head excursion (5-25%) and prevented forward/lateral CRS rotation in most scenarios.
  • Near-side impacts showed minimal increases (<10%) in head acceleration and HIC15, with mixed results for oblique impacts, but all below injury thresholds.

Conclusions:

  • Top tether effectiveness varies based on impact type, angle, and child restraint system.
  • While increasing some head impact metrics in certain scenarios, the top tether significantly reduces head excursion and controls CRS rotation.
  • The overall benefits of top tether use in mitigating severe injury in side impacts warrant further investigation.