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Parasite allergens.

Luis Caraballo1, Sandra Coronado1

  • 1Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.

Molecular Immunology
|March 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human helminth infections can trigger allergic reactions and increase allergy symptoms. Identifying helminth allergens, like Ascaris tropomyosin, is crucial for understanding and managing allergies, especially with cross-reactivity to common allergens like house dust mites.

Keywords:
AllergenAllergenic activityAllergenicityIgEParasiteVaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Parasitology
  • Allergology

Background:

  • Human immunoglobulin E (IgE) against helminths is part of the protective response, but few IgE-binding components are true allergens.
  • Strong Th2/IgE responses during helminth infections usually don't cause allergic symptoms due to parasite-induced immunomodulation.
  • Allergic manifestations are documented in infections like ascariasis, strongyloidiasis, anisakiasis, and hydatidosis, and helminths can worsen existing allergies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize helminth allergens with demonstrated allergenic activity.
  • To investigate the clinical relevance of specific helminth allergens, such as Ascaris lumbricoides tropomyosin (Asc l 3).
  • To explore the potential cross-reactivity of helminth allergens with common environmental allergens.

Main Methods:

  • Review and description of a selected group of helminth allergens.
  • Clinical and experimental demonstration of allergenic activity (IgE-mediated inflammation).
  • Analysis of IgE binding antigens from various helminths, including Ascaris, Anisakis, Necator, and Schistosoma species.

Main Results:

  • Ascaris lumbricoides tropomyosin (Asc l 3) exhibits strong allergenic activity and is linked to asthma severity in tropical regions.
  • Asc l 3's cross-reactivity with mite tropomyosins may impact house dust mite allergy diagnosis.
  • Other characterized helminth allergens include Ascaris ABA-1 and Asl 13, Anisakis simplex allergens (Ani s 1, 4, 7, 9), Necator americanus allergens (NaASP2q, Nacal1), and Schistosoma mansoni allergens (SmVAL4, Sm22.6).

Conclusions:

  • Identification and characterization of helminth allergens are essential for understanding allergenicity.
  • Helminth allergens can cause allergic reactions and influence existing allergies, necessitating further research.
  • Future studies will clarify the role of IgE-binding molecules in helminth infections and their allergenic potential.