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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Pathophysiology of Vomiting01:22

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Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through...
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Electrical Current01:10

Electrical Current

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Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
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Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
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[Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting : Current recommendations for prophylaxis].

E Storz1, J E Gschwend2, M Retz2

  • 1Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland. Enno.Storz@tum.de.

Der Urologe. Ausg. A
|March 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) significantly challenges cancer patients. This review synthesizes guidelines from major oncology organizations to improve CINV prophylaxis and treatment success.

Keywords:
AntiemeticsCytostaticsEmetogenicityGlucocorticoidsGuidelines

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Supportive Care
  • Clinical Practice Guidelines

Background:

  • Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a prevalent and challenging side effect of cytostatic therapy.
  • Effective management of CINV is crucial for successful cancer treatment and patient well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current international guidelines for the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
  • To provide a consolidated resource to aid clinicians in the daily management of CINV.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of recommendations from leading oncology organizations.
  • Inclusion of guidelines from MASCC/ESMO, ASCO, NCCN, and the German S3-guideline.

Main Results:

  • Summarizes standardized, guideline-oriented prophylaxis strategies for CINV.
  • Highlights key recommendations for managing CINV across different patient populations and chemotherapy regimens.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized CINV prophylaxis is essential for effective cancer therapy.
  • Facilitating the use of current CINV guidelines can improve patient outcomes and treatment adherence.