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Hyperchloraemia in sepsis.

Christos Filis1, Ioannis Vasileiadis2, Antonia Koutsoukou3

  • 13rd Department of Internal Medicine, "Sotiria" Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 152 Mesogion Av., 115 27, Athens, Greece.

Annals of Intensive Care
|March 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

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Hyperchloraemia, an excess of chloride in the blood, is common in intensive care and linked to metabolic acidosis in sepsis. This review explores its effects and pathophysiology in septic patients.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Electrolyte balance
  • Acid-base homeostasis

Background:

  • Chloride is the most abundant strong negative plasma electrolyte.
  • Chloride concentration is crucial for acid-base balance and overall homeostasis.
  • The strong ion difference (SID), influenced by chloride and sodium, is a key pH regulator.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on hyperchloraemia in septic patients.
  • To elucidate the effects of hyperchloraemia in relation to underlying pathophysiology.
  • To highlight recent findings on hyperchloraemia's role in sepsis.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of current research on hyperchloraemia in sepsis.
Keywords:
ChlorideCritically ill patientsHyperchloraemiaMetabolic acidosisSepsis

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Main Results:

  • Hyperchloraemia is frequently observed in intensive care units.
  • Hyperchloraemia is implicated in metabolic acidosis and other septic pathophysiological disorders.
  • Recent studies underscore the significance of hyperchloraemia in sepsis.

Conclusions:

  • Hyperchloraemia plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of sepsis.
  • Understanding hyperchloraemia is essential for managing septic patients.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the impact of chloride levels in sepsis.