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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hypoviridae.

Nobuhiro Suzuki1, Said A Ghabrial2, Kook-Hyung Kim3

  • 1Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan.

The Journal of General Virology
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Hypoviridae are capsidless viruses infecting fungi, with RNA genomes translated via unique mechanisms. Some Hypovirus strains cause hypovirulence, impacting fungal hosts.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Mycology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Hypoviridae are a family of viruses infecting filamentous fungi.
  • These viruses possess positive-sense, single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) genomes and lack a capsid.
  • Their genomes range from 9.1-12.7 kilobases and contain one or two open reading frames (ORFs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) report on Hypoviridae taxonomy.
  • To provide an overview of the biological characteristics of Hypoviridae.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the latest ICTV report on Hypoviridae.
  • Analysis of genomic features, replication strategies, and host interactions.

Main Results:

  • Hypoviridae feature capsidless structures and ssRNA genomes.
  • Open reading frames (ORFs) are translated using non-canonical mechanisms like internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated and stop/restart translation.
  • Replication occurs in host-derived lipid vesicles, with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as the replicative form.
  • Some hypoviruses induce hypovirulence in their fungal hosts, while others do not.

Conclusions:

  • Hypoviridae represent a unique viral family with distinct genomic and replication strategies.
  • The taxonomic classification and biological impact of Hypoviridae on fungal pathogens are significant areas of study.