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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Preparation of Biopolymer Aerogels Using Green Solvents
Published on: July 4, 2016
Pyridinium Analogues of Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophore: Fluorogenic Dyes with Large Solvent-Dependent Stokes
Yulia G Ermakova1,2,3, Tirthendu Sen4, Yulia A Bogdanova1
1Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10 , 117997 Moscow , Russia.
Abstract:
Novel fluorogenic dyes based on the GFP chromophore are developed. The compounds contain a pyridinium ring instead of phenolate and feature large Stokes shifts and solvent-dependent variations in the fluorescence quantum yield. Electronic structure calculations explain the trends in solvatochromic behavior in terms of the increase of the dipole moment upon excited-state relaxation in polar solvents associated with the changes in bonding pattern in the excited state. A unique combination of such optical characteristics and lipophilic properties enables using one of the new dyes for imaging the membrane structure of endoplasmic reticulum. An extremely high photostability (due to a dynamic exchange between the free and absorbed states) and selectivity make this compound a promising label for this type of cellular organelles.
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