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Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

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Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
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Psychology, as a scientific discipline, aims to understand the mind and behavior through rigorous and systematic methods. The foundation of psychological research is evidence-based, relying heavily on the scientific method to derive and validate knowledge. This structured approach ensures that findings are reliable, valid, and applicable to broader contexts.
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Using Synthetic Biology to Engineer Living Cells That Interface with Programmable Materials
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Engineered Ribosomes for Basic Science and Synthetic Biology.

Anne E d'Aquino1,2, Do Soon Kim2,3, Michael C Jewett1,2,3

  • 1Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA;

Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
|March 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This review explores engineering the bacterial ribosome, a protein synthesis machine, for novel applications. Advances in ribosome design could unlock new bio-manufacturing capabilities beyond natural limits.

Keywords:
cell-freeengineeringpeptidesribosometethered ribosometranslation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • The ribosome is a highly efficient and accurate protein synthesis machinery in bacteria.
  • Significant efforts have focused on engineering ribosomes for biochemical studies and new functions.
  • The full potential of ribosomes for manufacturing products beyond natural capabilities is not yet realized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review past and present advances in ribosome design and engineering.
  • To understand the fundamental biology of the ribosome for synthetic manufacturing.
  • To discuss prospects and challenges of engineered ribosomes for novel polymer synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ribosome engineering and design.
  • Analysis of fundamental constraints on ribosome chemistry.
  • Discussion of applications in synthetic biology and bio-manufacturing.

Main Results:

  • Ribosome engineering has shown promise for biochemical studies and novel functions.
  • Fundamental chemical limitations of the ribosome's active site are still being explored.
  • Engineered ribosomes offer potential for creating novel polymers and bio-based products.

Conclusions:

  • Continued research in ribosome engineering can lead to powerful synthetic manufacturing tools.
  • Understanding ribosome biology is key to expanding its chemical repertoire.
  • Designer ribosomes hold significant promise for future biotechnological applications.