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GPI-anchoring is a post-translational, reversible protein modification that is ubiquitous in eukaryotes. Such proteins are primarily present on the exoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane.
GPI-anchor structure
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In the plasma membrane, the lipids forming the bilayer can also act as an anchor to tether proteins to the membrane. The three main types of lipid anchors found in eukaryotes are – prenyl groups, fatty acyl groups, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol or GPI groups. Prenyl and fatty acyl groups act as anchors on the cytosolic surface of the membrane, whereas GPI anchors proteins on the extracellular side.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

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Whole-organism clone tracing using single-cell sequencing.

Anna Alemany1, Maria Florescu1, Chloé S Baron1

  • 1Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Nature
|March 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

ScarTrace, a novel single-cell sequencing strategy, simultaneously tracks cell identity and clonal history in zebrafish. This method reveals how embryonic progenitors generate diverse cell types in adult tissues, aiding in understanding organism development.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Understanding how limited embryonic progenitors generate all adult cell types is crucial for developmental biology.
  • Simultaneously measuring clonal history and cell identity at single-cell resolution has been a significant technical challenge.
  • Existing methods for tracing clonal history are often indirect or lack single-cell resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a single-cell sequencing strategy for simultaneous quantification of clonal history and cell type.
  • To apply this strategy to map progenitor-derived cell types in adult zebrafish organs.
  • To investigate progenitor commitment and cell fate decisions during embryonic development and regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Development of ScarTrace, a single-cell sequencing strategy.
  • Application of ScarTrace to thousands of cells from various adult zebrafish organs.
  • Analysis of clonal relationships and cell-type classification using transcriptomic data.

Main Results:

  • Identified multipotent embryonic progenitors generating all hematopoietic cells in zebrafish kidney marrow.
  • Demonstrated progenitor-specific cell type generation in eyes and brain, and studied eye laterality commitment.
  • Revealed shared progenitors for epidermal and mesenchymal cells in caudal fins, and identified distinct clonal origins for resident immune cells.

Conclusions:

  • ScarTrace enables simultaneous, high-resolution analysis of clonal history and cell identity.
  • The study provides a detailed map of progenitor-derived cell types in adult zebrafish.
  • This approach offers a powerful tool for reconstructing organismal development from single cells across various experimental systems.