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Illusory occlusion affects stereoscopic depth perception.

Zhimin Chen1, Rachel N Denison2, David Whitney3,4

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. mandy_chen@berkeley.edu.

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Illusory occlusion, created by filling in the blind spot, influences stereoscopic depth perception. This demonstrates that perceived surface properties can override other visual depth cues like binocular disparity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Stereoscopic depth perception relies on binocular disparity.
  • Occlusion cues typically require sensory features like T-junctions to influence depth perception.
  • The role of non-sensory cues in resolving conflicts between occlusion and disparity is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether illusory occlusion, without retinal sensory cues, can interact with binocular disparity in depth perception.
  • To determine if perceived surface properties derived from filling-in mechanisms can influence metric depth judgments.

Main Methods:

  • Generated illusory occlusion by presenting stimuli across the retinal blind spot, utilizing the brain's filling-in mechanism.
  • Used a cross-shaped stimulus where one bar had binocular disparity and the other was monocular, passing through the blind spot.
  • Asked observers to report perceived depth and relative positions of the bars.

Main Results:

  • Illusory occlusion was successfully generated when the monocular bar was perceived as filled in through the blind spot.
  • This illusory occlusion biased perceived stereoscopic depth, making the occluding bar appear closer or farther.
  • Depth estimates were influenced by the perceived relative depth order established by the filling-in process.

Conclusions:

  • Filling-in mechanisms can create opaque surface representations that override other depth cues, such as binocular disparity.
  • Perceived relative depth, driven by filling-in, can constrain the interpretation of metric stereoscopic depth information.
  • This suggests that the brain can construct depth percepts based on inferred surface properties, even in the absence of direct sensory input.