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Increasing Function
Increased Body Temperature
Increased pulse rate
Parallel Processing
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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery
Published on: October 11, 2010
Giulia Borghini1, Valerie Hazan1
1Department of Speech Hearing and Phonetic Sciences, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Non-native English speakers require greater listening effort, as measured by pupil response, to understand speech in noise compared to native speakers, even when performance is matched. This highlights differences in cognitive effort during second language listening.
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