Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

4.6K
The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
4.6K
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

6.1K
Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
6.1K
Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

10.0K
Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
10.0K
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

197.1K
Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
197.1K
Functional Groups02:45

Functional Groups

89.4K
Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, the presence of certain functional groups on a molecule will make them hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each...
89.4K
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

9.7K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
9.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Correlation between prostatic parameters of transrectal ultrasonography and age in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia].

Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology·2018
Same author

Preoperative Transurethral Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Female Urethral Diverticula.

Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine·2018
Same author

Successful endoscopic removal of a rare, large impacted pancreatic duct stone using grasping forceps: A case report with video.

Medicine·2018
Same author

Circadian genes period1b and period2 differentially regulate inflammatory responses in zebrafish.

Fish & shellfish immunology·2018
Same author

Gender, age, and concomitant diseases of melanosis coli in China: a multicenter study of 6,090 cases.

PeerJ·2018
Same author

The generation mechanism of spike-and-slow wave discharges appearing on thalamic relay nuclei.

Scientific reports·2018
Same journal

Transcranial alternating current stimulation improves cognitive functions in healthy subjects through modifying frontoparietal and dorsal attention networks based on personalized individual theta frequency analysis.

Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Functional loss of PKMζ in the dorsal hippocampus potentiates the time-dependent increase in false contextual fear memory and impairs spatial recognition memory in mice.

Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Distinct orbitofrontal circuits with dorsal and ventral CA1 differentially regulate spatial memory and emotional behaviors.

Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Towards a neurophysiological model of kundalini: a theoretical framework informed by preliminary clinical observations.

Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Interactive impacts of social deprivation and intranasal oxytocin administration on oxytocin receptor density in prairie vole brains.

Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience·2026
Same journal

An asymptomatic <i>WASF1</i> truncation reveals pathogenic mechanism and therapeutic strategy for neurodevelopmental disorders.

Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Microinjection of Zebrafish Embryos to Analyze Gene Function
07:18

Microinjection of Zebrafish Embryos to Analyze Gene Function

Published on: March 9, 2009

79.0K

Zebrafish Lacking Circadian Gene per2 Exhibit Visual Function Deficiency.

Deng-Feng Huang1, Ming-Yong Wang2, Wu Yin1

  • 1Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function & Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
|March 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Zebrafish per2 gene mutations impair vision by disrupting retinal ON pathway signaling and photoreceptor synapses. This study reveals crucial roles for circadian clock genes in visual processing and retinal function.

Keywords:
contrast sensitivityopsinoptokinetic responseper2ribbon synapsesvisual motor response

More Related Videos

Using the optokinetic response to study visual function of zebrafish
08:59

Using the optokinetic response to study visual function of zebrafish

Published on: February 2, 2010

19.1K
Analysis of Gene Function and Visualization of Cilia-Generated Fluid Flow in Kupffer's Vesicle
08:11

Analysis of Gene Function and Visualization of Cilia-Generated Fluid Flow in Kupffer's Vesicle

Published on: March 31, 2013

15.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Microinjection of Zebrafish Embryos to Analyze Gene Function
07:18

Microinjection of Zebrafish Embryos to Analyze Gene Function

Published on: March 9, 2009

79.0K
Using the optokinetic response to study visual function of zebrafish
08:59

Using the optokinetic response to study visual function of zebrafish

Published on: February 2, 2010

19.1K
Analysis of Gene Function and Visualization of Cilia-Generated Fluid Flow in Kupffer's Vesicle
08:11

Analysis of Gene Function and Visualization of Cilia-Generated Fluid Flow in Kupffer's Vesicle

Published on: March 31, 2013

15.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Chronobiology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • The retina possesses an intrinsic circadian clock, but its role in visual function remains unclear.
  • Zebrafish are a valuable model for studying vertebrate vision and circadian rhythms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of the zebrafish period 2 (per2) gene, a light-regulated gene, in visual behavior.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which per2 influences visual processing in the retina.

Main Methods:

  • Optokinetic response (OKR) and visual motor response (VMR) assays were used to assess visual behavior in per2 mutant zebrafish larvae.
  • Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy were employed to examine retinal morphology and photoreceptor synapse structure.
  • Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was utilized to analyze the expression of cone opsins and clock genes.

Main Results:

  • Per2 mutant zebrafish larvae exhibited reduced contrast sensitivity and visual acuity.
  • Mutants displayed normal OFF responses but abnormal ON responses in VMR assays.
  • Abnormalities in photoreceptor ribbon synapses and decreased arciform density were observed, leading to a retinal ON pathway defect.
  • Expression of long-wave-sensitive opsin (opn1lw) and short-wave-sensitive opsin (opn1sw) was reduced, along with down-regulation of cry1ba and bmal1b clock genes in adult mutant eyes.

Conclusions:

  • The study identifies a mechanism linking circadian clock genes to visual function.
  • The zebrafish per2 gene plays a critical role in retinal information processing and visual behavior.
  • Disruption of per2 impacts photoreceptor synapse structure and the retinal ON pathway, affecting visual performance.