Antimicrobial peptides produced by Brevibacillus spp.: structure, classification and bioactivity: a mini review

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Biochemistry
• Pharmacology

Background:

• The genus Brevibacillus, formerly the Bacillus brevis cluster, is a prolific source of antimicrobial peptides.
• These bacteria are ubiquitous, found in diverse environments like soil, seawater, and animal intestines.
• Some Brevibacillus strains are utilized commercially as probiotics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and classify antimicrobial peptides produced by the genus Brevibacillus.
• To summarize the bioactivities of these peptides, including antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-invertebrate properties.
• To explore potential applications of Brevibacillus antimicrobial peptides.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and classification of known Brevibacillus antimicrobial peptides.
• Analysis of peptide synthesis pathways (ribosomal and nonribosomal).
• Categorization based on structural features like cyclization and lipid chain presence.

Main Results:

• Identification of diverse bioactive peptides, including gramicidin, BT peptide, brevibacillin, and bogorol.
• Recognition of previously overlooked structural similarities among Brevibacillus antimicrobial compounds.
• Confirmation of antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-invertebrate activities.

Conclusions:

• Brevibacillus spp. represent a significant reservoir of antimicrobial peptides with varied structures and functions.
• Understanding these peptides' synthesis and structures can reveal new therapeutic leads.
• Further research into Brevibacillus antimicrobial peptides may unlock novel applications in medicine and biotechnology.