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Related Concept Videos

Classifying Matter by State02:49

Classifying Matter by State

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Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
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Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
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The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
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The Atomic Theory of Matter02:59

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The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers...
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The substance of the universe—from a grain of sand to a star—is called matter. Scientists define matter as anything that occupies space and has mass. An object’s mass and its weight are related concepts, but not quite the same. An object’s mass is the amount of matter contained in the object and is the same whether that object is on Earth or in the zero-gravity environment of outer space. An object’s weight, on the other hand, is its mass as affected by the pull of...
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States of Matter01:20

States of Matter

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Solids, liquids, and gases are the three states of matter commonly found on Earth. A solid is rigid and possesses a definite shape. A liquid flows and takes the shape of its container, except it forms a flat or slightly curved upper surface when acted upon by gravity. Both liquid and solid samples have volumes nearly independent of pressure. A gas takes both the shape and volume of its container.
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Transcriptomic Analysis of C. elegans RNA Sequencing Data Through the Tuxedo Suite on the Galaxy Project
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A galaxy lacking dark matter.

Pieter van Dokkum1, Shany Danieli1, Yotam Cohen1

  • 1Astronomy Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.

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|March 30, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ultra-diffuse galaxy NGC1052-DF2 has a surprisingly low dark matter halo mass. This finding challenges the standard cold dark matter model, suggesting dark matter is not always coupled with baryonic matter on galactic scales.

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Area of Science:

  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
  • Cosmology
  • Galaxy Formation and Evolution

Background:

  • The standard cosmological model posits a tight coupling between dark matter halo mass and stellar mass in galaxies.
  • This relationship, quantified by the Mhalo/Mstars ratio, typically shows a minimum for Milky Way-like galaxies and increases for both lower and higher mass galaxies.
  • The scatter in this mass-coupling relation is poorly constrained, especially for dwarf galaxies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dark matter content of the ultra-diffuse galaxy NGC1052-DF2.
  • To test the universality of the dark matter halo-to-stellar mass coupling.

Main Methods:

  • Measuring the radial velocities of ten luminous globular-cluster-like objects within NGC1052-DF2.
  • Inferring the galaxy's velocity dispersion from these measurements.
  • Estimating the total mass of NGC1052-DF2 within a specific radius.

Main Results:

  • The velocity dispersion of NGC1052-DF2 was found to be less than 10.5 km/s (90% confidence).
  • The total mass within 7.6 kpc was determined to be less than 3.4 × 108 solar masses.
  • This results in an Mhalo/Mstars ratio of approximately unity, significantly lower (factor of at least 400) than expected.

Conclusions:

  • NGC1052-DF2 exhibits an exceptionally low dark matter content relative to its stellar mass.
  • This observation provides strong evidence against a universal coupling between dark matter and baryonic matter on galactic scales.
  • The findings necessitate a re-evaluation of galaxy formation models within the cold dark matter paradigm.