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Preterm birth impacts autonomic nervous system (ANS) development, leading to reduced heart rate variability (HRV) and slower heart rate recovery in adolescents. These findings suggest potential long-term cardiovascular risks for those born prematurely.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Preterm birth can disrupt fetal development, including the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
  • Long-term effects of disrupted ANS development in children born preterm are not well understood.
  • Abnormal cardiac ANS function is linked to adverse health outcomes and cardiovascular disease risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess autonomic function in adolescents born preterm using heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate recovery (HRR).
  • To investigate the long-term impacts of preterm birth on the developing cardiac autonomic nervous system.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed autonomic function in preterm-born adolescents and age-matched, full-term controls.
  • Measured resting heart rate variability (HRV) in time (SDRR, RMSSD) and frequency (HF, LF) domains.
  • Evaluated heart rate recovery (HRR) after maximal exercise.

Main Results:

  • Adolescents born preterm exhibited significantly lower time-domain HRV (SDRR, RMSSD) compared to controls.
  • Preterm subjects showed higher low-frequency (LF) variability.
  • Heart rate recovery (HRR) after maximal exercise was slower in preterm-born adolescents at 1 and 2 minutes.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence of autonomic dysfunction in adolescents born prematurely.
  • Impaired HRV and slower HRR in preterm adolescents may indicate increased cardiovascular disease risk.
  • Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms underlying autonomic dysfunction in this population.