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Related Concept Videos

Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Fabrication and Design of Wood-Based High-Performance Composites
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Ion-Transport Design for High-Performance Na+-Based Electrochromics.

Ran Li, Kerui Li, Gang Wang1

  • 1School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States.

ACS Nano
|March 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Sodium ion (Na+) intercalation in electrochromic devices is improved by designing ion-transport channels in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). This enhances Na+ diffusion and device performance for applications like smart displays.

Keywords:
Na+ electrochromic deviceefficient transport channelmetal−organic frameworksmulticolor displaysmart quick response code

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Sodium ion (Na+) based electrochemical systems are explored for batteries, supercapacitors, and electrochromic (EC) devices.
  • Larger Na+ ionic radii pose challenges for intercalation/deintercalation kinetics and EC performance degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overcome Na+ ion diffusion limitations in EC devices.
  • To design efficient ion-transport channels in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for Na+ intercalation.

Main Methods:

  • Intentional design of ion-transport channels within MOF structures.
  • Fabrication of nanostructured electrodes using MOFs.
  • Characterization of Na+ diffusion coefficients and EC device performance.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a high Na+ diffusion coefficient of approximately 10^-8 cm^2 s^-1.
  • Demonstrated desirable Na+ EC performance: fast switching, multicolor switching, and high stability.
  • Fabricated a smart "quick response code" display using mask-free laser writing.

Conclusions:

  • Designed MOF-based electrodes enable efficient Na+ intercalation for high-performance EC devices.
  • The ion transport pathway design concept is applicable to various ion intercalation materials and consumer electronics.
  • MOF-based EC devices show promise for "Internet of Things" applications.