Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Normal Distribution01:11

Normal Distribution

17.4K
The normal, a continuous distribution, is the most important of all the distributions. Its graph is a bell-shaped symmetrical curve, which is observed in almost all disciplines. Some of these include psychology, business, economics, the sciences, nursing, and, of course, mathematics. Some instructors may use the normal distribution to help determine students’ grades. Most IQ scores are normally distributed. Often real-estate prices fit a normal distribution. The normal distribution is...
17.4K
Normal Stress01:19

Normal Stress

1.5K
Normal stress is a type of stress that occurs when forces act perpendicular, or normal, to a material's cross-sectional area. This stress often arises in structures when subjected to axial loading, which is the application of force along the axis of an object. A practical example of this can be found in bridge truss members.
When a rod is under axial loading, the internal forces and corresponding stress are normal to the plane of the section, so it is termed normal stress. It's important to...
1.5K
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

7.5K
Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
7.5K
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

927
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
927
Introduction to Normal Distributions01:29

Introduction to Normal Distributions

85
Standardized test scores often follow a symmetric distribution that can be modeled with the normal distribution, a fundamental concept in statistics. This distribution is particularly useful for interpreting test performance fairly across populations, as it provides a mathematical framework for understanding variability and central tendency in large datasets.From Histogram to Frequency DistributionRaw test data are often displayed using histograms, where the height of each bar represents the...
85
Applications of Normal Distribution01:22

Applications of Normal Distribution

9.5K
The normal distribution is a useful statistical tool. One of its practical applications is determining the door height after considering the normal distribution of heights of persons, such that many can pass through it easily without striking their heads. The normal distribution can also determine the probability of a person having a height less than a specific height.
The heights of 15 to 18-year-old males from Chile from 1984 to 1985 followed a normal distribution. The mean height is 172.36...
9.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cortex-specific inversion of visual responses during sleep.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Normalization accounts for temporal dynamics in human somatosensory cortex.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Cortex-specific inversion of visual responses during sleep.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Spatial Frequency Tuning Follows Scale Invariance in the Human Visual Cortex.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same author

The ability to divide spatial attention across non-contiguous locations develops in middle childhood.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2025
Same author

Dynamic estimation of the attentional field from visual cortical activity.

eLife·2025
Same journal

How Does the Mind Grow? Cross-Cultural Intuitive Theories of Mental Development.

Psychological science·2026
Same journal

Not All Practice Is Created Equal: Longitudinal Evidence From Over 40,000 Chess Players.

Psychological science·2026
Same journal

Eye Glint as a Novel Perceptual Cue in Human Vision.

Psychological science·2026
Same journal

Multitarget Visual Search Flexibly Switches Between Concurrent and Sequential Search Modes.

Psychological science·2026
Same journal

Motive Alignment Promotes Adolescents' Proenvironmental Behavior: A Field Experiment in Two Cultures.

Psychological science·2026
Same journal

Retributive Sentiments Track Both Deterrent and Compensatory Concerns in a Small-Scale Society and a WEIRD Sample.

Psychological science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

13.2K

Visual Memories Bypass Normalization.

Ilona M Bloem1,2, Yurika L Watanabe1,2, Melissa M Kibbe1,2

  • 11 Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University.

Psychological Science
|March 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual memory and perception differ computationally. While perception uses normalization, visual memory bypasses this process, suggesting distinct neural mechanisms for storing and processing visual information.

Keywords:
normalizationpsychophysicsvisual memoryvisual perception

More Related Videos

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Operation in Rats
07:37

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Operation in Rats

Published on: June 11, 2012

24.3K
One-anastomosis Gastric Bypass OAGB in Rats
08:16

One-anastomosis Gastric Bypass OAGB in Rats

Published on: November 10, 2018

11.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

13.2K
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Operation in Rats
07:37

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Operation in Rats

Published on: June 11, 2012

24.3K
One-anastomosis Gastric Bypass OAGB in Rats
08:16

One-anastomosis Gastric Bypass OAGB in Rats

Published on: November 10, 2018

11.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Visual stimuli are represented in early visual cortices during perception and brief memory.
  • The computational principles governing visual memory traces remain unclear.
  • Normalization is a common neural computation in visual perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether visual memory representations are subject to normalization, a process observed in visual perception.
  • To compare the computational rules governing visual perception and visual working memory.

Main Methods:

  • Participants remembered stimulus contrast while stimuli were presented to induce normalization in perception or memory.
  • Experimental design pitted stimuli against each other to test for normalization effects.
  • Neural computations in perception and working memory were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Robust normalization was observed between visual representations during perception.
  • No evidence of normalization was found between representations within working memory.
  • Normalization did not occur between working memory representations and visual inputs.

Conclusions:

  • Visual memory representations do not follow the same computational rules as perception.
  • Visual working memory bypasses normalization, indicating distinct neural processing.
  • This finding provides insight into the unique nature of visual memory computations.