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The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Design and Development of a Three-Dimensionally Printed Microscope Mask Alignment Adapter for the Fabrication of Multilayer Microfluidic Devices
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Accessing microfluidics through feature-based design software for 3D printing.

Peter G Shankles1, Larry J Millet1, Jayde A Aufrecht1

  • 1The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America.

Plos One
|March 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

3D printing enables rapid, low-cost microfluidic device fabrication using a hybrid approach. This method integrates custom software and advanced printing for novel fluidic architectures and simplified nanofabrication integration.

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Area of Science:

  • Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, is increasingly adopted in microfluidics for rapid prototyping.
  • Low-cost printers and advanced materials facilitate distributed and open-source manufacturing.
  • 3D printing offers a cost-effective and fast alternative to traditional microfabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a hybrid 3D printing-soft lithography approach for microfluidic device fabrication.
  • To showcase custom design software for simplified microfluidic architecture creation.
  • To validate the integration of 3D printed microfluidics with nanofabrication techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a hybrid 3D printing and soft lithography technique.
  • Developed custom design software with an integrated slicer for parameterized microfluidic building blocks.
  • Employed precise printing control, including extruding bridge structures for single-step fabrication.

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated multiple microfluidic architectures with dimensions optimized for laminar flow.
  • Demonstrated flow control using a gradient generator and two droplet generator designs.
  • Integrated 3D printed microfluidics with nanoscale features for a simplified platform operation.

Conclusions:

  • The hybrid approach enables rapid and cost-effective microfluidic device fabrication.
  • Custom software simplifies the design and manufacturing process for microfluidic devices.
  • 3D printing is a viable and versatile tool for creating complex microfluidic systems, including integration with nanofabrication.