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Published on: January 2, 2020
Integrated Forehead and Temporal Augmentation Using 3D Printing-Assisted Methyl Methacrylate Implants
Toshitsugu Hirohi, Koji Nagai, Donald Ng
1Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Background:
Achieving aesthetic results with forehead augmentation procedures remains challenging. We have developed a method of integrated forehead and temporal augmentation using a three-dimensional (3D) printing-assisted methyl methacrylate implant.
Objectives:
The study objective was to assess the importance of combined temporal augmentation when performing forehead augmentation.
Methods:
We identified 34 patients (from 2000 to 2010) who underwent forehead augmentation with a methyl methacrylate implant contoured in situ during surgery and 41 patients (from 2010 to 2016) who underwent integrated forehead and temporal augmentation with a prefabricated methyl methacrylate implant. We conducted a retrospective chart review of patient data including operation time, complications, and instances of revision surgery. Two blinded plastic surgeons scored the aesthetic results of the operations on a 4-point scale (1, poor, to 4, excellent) based on preoperative and posttreatment photographs.
Results:
The integrated augmentation method resulted in a lower frequency of posttreatment implant removal (one [2%] vs. six [18%]; P < .05), a lower frequency of filler injection for touch up (one [2%] vs. six [18%]; P < .05), and higher mean aesthetic scores (3.7 ± 0.5 vs. 2.2 ± 1.0; P < . 001) compared to the forehead augmentation method. There was no statistically significant difference in surgical complications between the two groups.
Conclusions:
Integrated forehead and temporal augmentation using a 3D printing-assisted methyl methacrylate implant may be the optimal available procedure, enabling the custom fabrication of contours requested by the patient and providing a rejuvenating and balancing effect on facial appearance.
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