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Related Concept Videos

Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

2.5K
Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin...
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Mineral, Vitamin and Water Absorption01:27

Mineral, Vitamin and Water Absorption

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Electrolytes are essential minerals and ions primarily obtained from the diet and absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Most electrolytes are absorbed in the small intestine. While the absorption of iron and calcium primarily occurs in the duodenum, calcium is also absorbed in the jejunum and ileum. In these regions, passive diffusion contributes to its absorption alongside active transport mechanisms in the duodenum. These ions can exit the enterocytes through specialized active...
1.6K
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
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Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants01:18

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

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Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
2.5K
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

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In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or...
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PLGA Nanoparticles Formed by Single- or Double-emulsion with Vitamin E-TPGS
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Vitamin D Assays.

Daniel D Bikle

    Frontiers of Hormone Research
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    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Demand for vitamin D metabolite testing is rising, driving development of new assays. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) offers greater precision for measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and other metabolites.

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    Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells
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    Area of Science:

    • Clinical Chemistry
    • Laboratory Medicine
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Increased demand for vitamin D metabolite testing over the last decade.
    • Commercial laboratories have developed rapid, high-throughput assays.
    • Measurements of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D) are most common.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current methods for vitamin D metabolite measurement.
    • To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different assay technologies.
    • To explore the emerging trend towards measuring free vitamin D metabolites.

    Main Methods:

    • Commonly used methods include immunoassays and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
    • LC-MS is gaining prominence due to improved precision and flexibility.
    • Use of National Institute of Standards and Technology standards enhances inter-laboratory reliability.

    Main Results:

    • LC-MS technology is advancing, offering superior performance for vitamin D metabolite analysis.
    • Standardization efforts have reduced laboratory variability, improving measurement accuracy.
    • Emerging methods focus on quantifying free 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations.

    Conclusions:

    • LC-MS is becoming the preferred method for vitamin D metabolite quantification.
    • Standardization is crucial for reliable and comparable results across laboratories.
    • Measuring free vitamin D metabolite concentrations may provide a more accurate assessment of vitamin D status, potentially replacing total measurements.