Embolization through the thyrocervical trunk: vascular anatomy, variants, and a case series

Area of Science:

• Vascular Anatomy
• Interventional Radiology
• Cervical Artery Anatomy

Background:

• The thyrocervical trunk (TCT) is a key artery supplying the neck and upper limb.
• Its anatomical complexity makes it a critical area for both vascular and neuro-interventional procedures.
• Understanding TCT branching patterns and variants is essential for safe endovascular interventions.

Observation:

• A retrospective review identified eight endovascular procedures performed via the TCT.
• These included six preoperative embolizations for paragangliomas, metastasis, aneurysmal bone cyst, and hemangioblastoma.
• Two emergency embolizations were performed for traumatic bleeding and recurrent hemoptysis.

Findings:

• The study highlights the diverse applications of TCT embolization.
• Successful embolization was achieved in cases of tumors, vascular malformations, trauma, and hemoptysis.
• Anastomosis with the anterior spinal artery is a critical consideration for embolization safety.

Implications:

• Accurate knowledge of TCT anatomy and its variants is vital for interventional radiologists.
• Preoperative and emergency embolizations via the TCT can be performed safely and effectively.
• The TCT should be carefully evaluated in patients with recurrent hemoptysis or severe neck injuries.