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[Etiological structure of pneumonias in children and adults]
Abstract:
The bacteriological study of sputa, nasopharyngeal smears and bronchial washings taken from pneumonia patients has shown that the leading etiological agent was Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in the diagnostic titre (10(7) bacteria per ml) in 78.1% of the cases. Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, enterobacteria and yeast-like fungi have been found to play an insignificant role in the etiology of acute pneumonia (2.5 +/- +/- 0.9%). The results of the serological diagnosis by means of the complement fixation test have revealed that, alongside S. pneumoniae, the following infective agents are of etiological importance in cases of acute pneumonia: respiratory viruses (more than 50%), Mycoplasma pneumonia (10%), Chlamydia psittaci (6.4%) and Legionella pneumophila (3.8%). The study has first revealed that, under the conditions of Alma-Ata, serotypes 19, 23, 8 and 4 prevail among circulating pneumococci. This study has also shown that the use of M. pneumoniae antibody erythrocyte diagnosticum enhances the detection rate of mycoplasma infections in pneumonia patients.
Insights
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the primary cause of pneumonia, identified in 78.1% of cases. Other pathogens like respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae also contribute significantly to pneumonia etiology.
Area of Science:
- * Clinical microbiology
- * Infectious diseases
- * Respiratory medicine
Background:
- * Pneumonia remains a significant global health concern.
- * Accurate etiological diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment.
- * Understanding the diverse causative agents of pneumonia is essential.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To identify the primary etiological agents of acute pneumonia in Alma-Ata.
- * To assess the role of various bacterial, viral, and atypical pathogens.
- * To investigate prevalent Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes and Mycoplasma pneumoniae detection methods.
Main Methods:
- * Bacteriological analysis of sputum, nasopharyngeal smears, and bronchial washings.
- * Serological diagnosis using the complement fixation test.
- * Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae using an antibody erythrocyte diagnosticum.
Main Results:
- * Streptococcus pneumoniae identified as the leading cause (78.1%) in bacterial studies.
- * Respiratory viruses ( >50%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (10%), Chlamydia psittaci (6.4%), and Legionella pneumophila (3.8%) identified via serology.
- * Prevalent pneumococcal serotypes in Alma-Ata: 19, 23, 8, and 4.
- * Enhanced detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections with the erythrocyte diagnosticum.
Conclusions:
- * Streptococcus pneumoniae is the dominant bacterial pathogen in pneumonia.
- * Atypical pathogens and respiratory viruses play a significant etiological role.
- * Serotyping of pneumococci and improved diagnostic tools for Mycoplasma pneumoniae are important for public health.