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Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children With Liver Diseases: a Systematic Review

Lyan H Rodijk1, Anne E den Heijer2, Jan B F Hulscher1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Surgery.

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
|March 31, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Children with liver diseases often experience neurodevelopmental deficits, impacting cognitive, behavioral, and motor skills. Early identification of risk factors is crucial for improving long-term outcomes in these vulnerable children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hepatology
  • Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics
  • Systematic Review Methodology

Background:

  • Liver diseases in children can significantly impact neurological development.
  • Increasing survival rates in children with liver diseases highlight the need to understand long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize the literature on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of children with liver diseases.
  • To identify the prevalence and nature of neurodevelopmental deficits in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO following PRISMA guidelines.
  • Studies published from 2000 onwards, focusing on term-born children with liver diseases and their neurodevelopmental outcomes, were included.
  • A narrative synthesis approach was employed to analyze the selected studies.

Main Results:

  • Over two-thirds of studies indicated neurodevelopmental deficits in children with liver diseases, affecting cognitive, behavioral, and motor domains.
  • Children post-liver transplantation (LTx) showed higher rates of impaired outcomes (82%) compared to those with native livers (67%).
  • Motor development was impaired in 82% of studies for both groups, and 42% of post-LTx children required special education.

Conclusions:

  • Neurodevelopmental deficits are prevalent in children with liver diseases, encompassing all developmental areas.
  • Limited knowledge exists regarding risk factors and long-term follow-up, necessitating further research.
  • Early identification of predictors and risk factors is essential for developing effective intervention strategies to improve long-term neurodevelopmental health.
Abstract

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