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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

24.3K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

4.1K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

26.5K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
26.5K
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

197.1K
Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
197.1K
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

16.6K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
16.6K
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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Detection of MicroRNA Expression in the Kidneys of Immunoglobulin A Nephropathic Mice
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Detection of MicroRNA Expression in the Kidneys of Immunoglobulin A Nephropathic Mice

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MicroRNA-155 expression and function in AML: An evolving paradigm.

Nisha Narayan1, Cameron P Bracken2, Paul G Ekert1

  • 1Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, 3052, Australia.

Experimental Hematology
|March 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs, small noncoding RNAs, are dysregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Specific microRNAs like miR-155 are linked to poorer survival, offering potential for targeted AML therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a pediatric cancer driven by genetic and epigenetic changes in myeloid blast cells.
  • Genomic aberrations in AML disrupt myeloid differentiation and promote uncontrolled proliferation.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs, are frequently dysregulated in AML and impact disease biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of microRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
  • To highlight the significance of miR-155 in AML prognosis and therapy resistance.
  • To explore how miRNA expression influences AML biology for therapeutic development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on microRNA expression in AML.
  • Analysis of associations between miRNA profiles, patient prognosis, and chemotherapy response.
  • Focus on miR-155's role and expression-dependent functions in AML.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNA expression profiles correlate with AML patient prognosis and chemotherapy response.
  • miR-155 is consistently associated with poorer survival in both adult and pediatric AML cohorts.
  • Expression levels of miR-155 critically influence its function in AML.

Conclusions:

  • Dysregulated microRNAs, particularly miR-155, are key players in AML pathogenesis.
  • Understanding miRNA roles in AML can lead to novel, targeted therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting microRNAs presents a promising avenue for improving AML treatment outcomes.