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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Erratum to "Corrigendum to "Genomic insights unveil taxonomic incongruities and evolutionary origins of solifuges across the southern Levant" [Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 218 (2026) 108554]".

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Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'
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Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'

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Recent progress and prospects for advancing arachnid genomics.

Jessica E Garb1, Prashant P Sharma2, Nadia A Ayoub3

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, 198 Riverside Street, Olsen Hall 414, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.

Current Opinion in Insect Science
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Genomic resources for arachnids are scarce, but recent spider and scorpion genome projects offer valuable insights. Sequencing more arachnid genomes, especially spiders, is crucial for understanding silk and venom production and evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Arachnology
  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Arachnids possess significant biomedical, industrial, and agricultural importance.
  • Genomic resources for arachnids remain limited, with few spider and scorpion genomes published recently.
  • Existing genomic data provides initial insights into arachnid biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key findings from recent arachnid genome projects.
  • To recommend priority taxa for future genome sequencing.
  • To highlight the value of arachnid genomes for scientific advancement.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published arachnid genome projects.
  • Analysis of current gaps in arachnid genomic resources.
  • Identification of key taxa for future sequencing based on scientific value.

Main Results:

  • Recent genome projects have yielded initial insights into arachnid biology.
  • Understudied spiders are valuable for silk and venom protein research.
  • Arachnid genomes can address evolutionary questions, such as the impact of genome duplications.

Conclusions:

  • Expanding arachnid genome sequencing is essential for scientific discovery.
  • Prioritizing understudied spiders and evolutionarily significant taxa is recommended.
  • Advanced sequencing technologies are needed to overcome current assembly limitations.