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Related Concept Videos

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Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
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The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Lepidoptera genomes: current knowledge, gaps and future directions.

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Genomic sequencing of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) is advancing, but reference genomes are limited. Expanding genomic data beyond model species is crucial for evolutionary and ecological research.

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Area of Science:

  • Entomology
  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) represent a highly diverse insect order with significant ecological roles.
  • Genomic studies in Lepidoptera are rapidly advancing, utilizing new genome sequencing technologies.
  • Current genomic resources are concentrated on a few model species within the Ditrysia clade, representing less than 10 of 43 superfamilies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the need for broader genomic representation across the Lepidoptera order.
  • To emphasize the importance of high-quality reference genomes for diverse Lepidoptera species.
  • To support the integration of genomics with ecological and evolutionary research in Lepidoptera.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current Lepidoptera genome sequencing efforts.
  • Analysis of the distribution of available reference genomes within Lepidoptera superfamilies.
  • Assessment of community resources and data dissemination in Lepidoptera genomics.

Main Results:

  • Fewer than 10 of 43 Lepidoptera superfamilies have assembled genomes available.
  • The majority of existing genomes belong to model species within the Ditrysia clade.
  • Growing community support exists for Lepidoptera genomics, with centralized data management.

Conclusions:

  • Expanding high-quality reference genomes beyond model species is essential for Lepidoptera research.
  • A more even distribution of genomic data across the order will enhance ecological and evolutionary insights.
  • Continued development of data and analytical tools will benefit the broader Lepidoptera genomics community.