Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is associated with degree of collateralization in patients with totally
Luigi Di Serafino1, Jozef Bartunek2, Guy Heyndrickx2
1Cardiovascular Research Center Aalst, Belgium; Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
Insights
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels near coronary occlusions correlate with collateral development. Higher local MIF indicates better collateralization in coronary artery disease patients, impacting myocardial infarction outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Immunology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) patients benefit from collateral circulation, which limits myocardial infarction.
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is implicated in collateral vessel development.
- The association between MIF and coronary collateral extent requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between Macrophage migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) and the degree of collateralization in patients with coronary artery occlusion.
- To compare MIF levels in systemic and local blood samples in relation to coronary occlusion severity.
Main Methods:
- Consecutive enrollment of 40 chronic total occlusion (CTO) patients, 26 ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients, and 12 controls.
- Blood sampling from systemic and local arterial sites relative to coronary occlusions.
- Analysis of MIF ratio (LOCAL-SYSTEMIC)/SYSTEMIC and its correlation with collateralization extent.
Main Results:
- MIF ratio progressively increased from controls to CTO and STEMI patients (p < 0.01).
- In CTO patients, a higher MIF ratio was observed in the high collateralization group versus the low collateralization group (p = 0.02).
- In STEMI patients with collaterals, local MIF levels were significantly higher than systemic levels (p = 0.04).
Conclusions:
- Local Macrophage migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) levels are significantly associated with collateralization extent in both acute and chronic coronary occlusions.
- MIF may play a crucial role in the development of coronary collateral circulation.
- Findings suggest MIF as a potential biomarker for collateralization in CAD.
Background:
Collaterals in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) limit myocardial infarction and improve survival. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) might play a role in collateral development. We aimed this study to evaluate the association of Macrophage migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) with the extent of collateralization in patients with coronary occlusion.
Methods And Results:
We consecutively enrolled: a) 40 patients undergoing PCI of a chronic coronary total occlusion (CTO); b) 26 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary PCI (pPCI) of the infarct-related artery (IRA); c) 12 control patients undergoing angiography without significant coronary artery disease (CTRL). CTO patients were grouped in high (HCG) or low collateralization group (LCG). STEMI patients were grouped in COLL+ or COLL- group depending on the presence of collaterals to the IRA. Blood sampling was performed from the arterial sheath (SYSTEMIC), and distal to the occlusion (LOCAL). SYSTEMIC and LOCAL levels were significantly different between the 3 groups. A progressive increase in MIF ratio (defined as: % (LOCAL-SYSTEMIC)/SYSTEMIC) was observed (CTRL: -0.5[-23;28] vs. CTO: 4[-19;32] vs. STEMI: 55[37;87], p < 0.01). In CTO, MIF ratio was significantly higher in HCG vs. LCG (68 [45;120] vs. 46 [29;66], p = 0.02). In STEMI, MIF ratio was not different between COLL+ and COLL- patients; however, in COLL+, LOCAL was significantly higher as compared with SYSTEMIC (83 ng/ml [63;100] vs. 67 ng/ml [40;79], p = 0.04).
Conclusions:
Local MIF is significantly associated with the extent of collateralization in both acute and chronic total coronary occlusions.
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