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Intracranial Large and Medium Artery Atherosclerotic Disease and Stroke
Sami Al Kasab1, Colin P Derdeyn2, Waldo R Guerrero1
1Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
Insights
Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is a common cause of stroke globally. Further research is crucial to develop better treatments and prevent recurrent strokes in affected individuals.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Cardiovascular Science
Background:
- Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is a leading global cause of stroke.
- ICAD is associated with a significant risk of recurrent stroke events.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and current treatment strategies for ICAD.
- To highlight the ongoing need for research into novel therapeutic approaches.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on ICAD.
- Analysis of epidemiological data, risk factors, and clinical presentations.
- Evaluation of existing and emerging treatment options.
Main Results:
- ICAD prevalence is notably high in African and Asian populations.
- Despite advancements, a subset of ICAD patients face a high risk of recurrent stroke.
- Ongoing research aims to deepen the understanding and improve management of ICAD.
Conclusions:
- ICAD continues to be a major global contributor to stroke incidence.
- Urgent need for further studies to identify effective treatments for stroke recurrence prevention in ICAD patients.
Background:
Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is one of the most common causes of stroke worldwide and is associated with a high risk of stroke recurrence. We sought to perform a literature review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options.
Methods:
A literature review on recent studies evaluating the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, and treatment was reviewed. ICAD is particularly common in Africa and Asia.
Results:
Although the medical management of ICAD has improved over the past decade, a subgroup of patients with ICAD remains at significantly high risk of stroke recurrence, and newer studies that aim at improving our understanding of ICAD and evaluating new treatment methods are currently under way.
Conclusion:
ICAD remains a common cause of stroke worldwide; further studies evaluating treatment options to prevent stroke recurrence are urgently needed.
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