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Scapular kinematic alterations during arm elevation with decrease in pectoralis minor stiffness after stretching in

Jun Umehara1, Masatoshi Nakamura2, Satoru Nishishita1

  • 1Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
|April 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Stretching the pectoralis minor muscle reduces its stiffness, leading to increased scapular external rotation and posterior tilt during arm elevation in healthy individuals.

Keywords:
Shoulderbiomechanicselastographymuscle stiffnesspectoralis minor musclephysical therapystretching

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Musculoskeletal Physiology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Pectoralis minor tightness is associated with scapular dyskinesis.
  • Stretching is a common treatment for altered scapular motion.
  • The effect of pectoralis minor stiffness on scapular motion during arm elevation requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether acute reduction in pectoralis minor stiffness via stretching alters scapular motion during arm elevation.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy male participants' limbs were divided into control and intervention groups.
  • Pectoralis minor was stretched using passive horizontal abduction at 150° elevation for 5 minutes.
  • Three-dimensional scapular motion was assessed using electromagnetic sensors, and pectoralis minor stiffness was measured using ultrasonic shear wave elastography before and after stretching and arm elevation.

Main Results:

  • Pectoralis minor stiffness decreased immediately after stretching and after arm elevation in the intervention group.
  • Stretching resulted in significant increases in scapular external rotation and posterior tilt during arm abduction and scaption.
  • No significant changes in upward rotation were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Acute stretching of the pectoralis minor muscle effectively reduces its stiffness.
  • This reduction in stiffness positively influences scapular kinematics, increasing external rotation and posterior tilt during arm elevation.