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Related Concept Videos

Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called...
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Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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Precipitation of Ions03:11

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Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
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Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

47.1K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
47.1K
Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

91.5K
The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Measurement of Extracellular Ion Fluxes Using the Ion-selective Self-referencing Microelectrode Technique
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An improved reference method for serum cations measurement by ion chromatography.

Jihua Zou1, Min Shen1,2, Man Zhang2

  • 1Reference Laboratory, MedicalSystem Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Ningbo, China.

Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis
|April 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A new ion chromatography method simplifies human serum analysis for cations like potassium and sodium. This accurate technique offers a reliable alternative for routine laboratory diagnostics.

Keywords:
candidate reference methodion chromatographyserum cations

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • Routine laboratory medicine requires accurate methods for serum cation determination.
  • Existing methods may lack efficiency or accuracy in sample preparation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple yet effective ion chromatography method for serum cation analysis.
  • To improve the accuracy and reliability of determining key cations in human serum.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated chromatographic conditions for simultaneous K, Na, Ca, and Mg determination.
  • Optimized serum mineralization using nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide digestion.
  • Developed a method using ion chromatography with methanesulfonic acid eluent.

Main Results:

  • Achieved measurement accuracy and precision below 1.0% for all analytes.
  • Validated results using NIST certified reference materials and IFCC-RELA specimens.
  • Demonstrated good agreement with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) reference values.

Conclusions:

  • Developed a sensitive and specific ion chromatography method for serum cation determination.
  • The simple sample treatment procedure effectively removes interfering substances.
  • The proposed method is a strong candidate for a reference method in laboratory medicine.