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Related Concept Videos

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

794
Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
794
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

3
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
3
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

1
Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
1
Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types01:27

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

1
Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...
1
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

1
Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
1
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

1
Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
1

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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Innovative Microneedle-Based Strategies for Enhanced Exosome Delivery and Stability
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Insulin delivery systems combined with microneedle technology.

Xuan Jin1, Dan Dan Zhu1, Bo Zhi Chen1

  • 1Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|April 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Microneedle technology offers a painless, noninvasive alternative for insulin delivery in diabetes management. This review categorizes microneedle systems, highlighting their potential to improve glucose control and patient adherence.

Keywords:
DiabetesInsulin deliveryMicroneedleNon-invasive

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a significant global health challenge requiring effective glucose management.
  • Insulin therapy is crucial for many diabetes patients, but traditional delivery methods can be invasive and inconvenient.
  • Microneedle (MN) technology presents a promising avenue for painless, noninvasive insulin delivery systems (IDSs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize current insulin delivery systems (IDSs) based on microneedle (MN) technology.
  • To analyze the advantages and limitations of different MN-based IDSs.
  • To identify key challenges and future directions for clinical translation of insulin MNs.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of MN-based IDSs into drug-free and drug-loaded types.
  • Detailed review of specific MN approaches: solid, hollow, swelling, coated, dissolving, and incorporated swelling MNs.
  • Analysis of existing research and clinical trial data for MN-based IDSs.

Main Results:

  • Drug-free MNs include solid ("poke and patch"), hollow ("poke and flow"), and swelling types.
  • Drug-loaded MNs encompass coated ("coat and poke"), dissolving ("poke and release"), and incorporated swelling types.
  • Hollow and dissolving MNs are most researched and utilized in clinical trials, each with distinct benefits and drawbacks regarding safety, efficacy, and administration.

Conclusions:

  • Microneedle insulin delivery systems offer a promising, painless alternative for diabetes management.
  • Further research is needed to optimize drug loading, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD), storage, and safety for successful clinical implementation.
  • Addressing these fundamental issues will accelerate the adoption of insulin MNs in therapeutic settings.