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Array invariant-based calibration of array tilt using a source of opportunity.

Gihoon Byun1, Chomgun Cho2, H C Song2

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This study presents a new method to accurately estimate underwater source range by compensating for vertical line array (VLA) tilt. The technique significantly reduces range errors, improving shallow water acoustic sensing capabilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Ocean Acoustics
  • Signal Processing
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • The array invariant is a key method for underwater source-range estimation in shallow water, relying on signal dispersion in waveguides.
  • Existing methods often require a cooperating source or are sensitive to array tilt, which introduces significant range estimation errors.
  • Recent advancements extended the array invariant to ships of opportunity using blind deconvolution, but array tilt remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a method for simultaneously estimating array tilt and source range in shallow water environments.
  • To improve the accuracy of the array invariant technique by mitigating the negative effects of VLA tilt.

Main Methods:

  • A simple optimization algorithm was developed for simultaneous estimation of array tilt and source range.
  • The method was tested using a ship of opportunity (200-900 Hz) around a 56-m vertical line array (VLA) in ~100m deep water.
  • Data collected at ranges of 1.8-3.6 km with the ship moving at 3 knots were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The simultaneous estimation method significantly reduced the standard deviation of relative range error to approximately 4%, down from 14% without tilt compensation.
  • The estimated VLA tilt was found to be about 3° towards the northwest.
  • The array invariant was shown to be a viable remote sensing technique for calibrating VLA tilt using opportunistic sources.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed optimization algorithm effectively compensates for array tilt, substantially improving source range estimation accuracy in shallow water.
  • The array invariant, when combined with tilt compensation, offers a robust and practical method for underwater acoustic sensing.
  • This technique enables remote calibration of array tilt using readily available ship traffic, enhancing the reliability of acoustic measurements.