Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.3K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.3K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

18.4K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
18.4K
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

1.3K
Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
1.3K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.9K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.9K
Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids02:26

Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids

55.6K
Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
55.6K
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.2K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Spin-Crossover Molecules on Surfaces: From Isolated Molecules to Ultrathin Films.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2021
Same author

Spin-Crossover Molecules on Surfaces: From Isolated Molecules to Ultrathin Films.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2021
Same author

Surface-orientation- and ligand-dependent quenching of the spin magnetic moment of Co porphyrins adsorbed on Cu substrates.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2020
Same author

Effect of ligand methylation on the spin-switching properties of surface-supported spin-crossover molecules.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2019
Same author

Europium Cyclooctatetraene Nanowire Carpets: A Low-Dimensional, Organometallic, and Ferromagnetic Insulator.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2019
Same author

Evolution of cooperativity in the spin transition of an iron(II) complex on a graphite surface.

Nature communications·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Agarose-based Tissue Mimicking Optical Phantoms for Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy
09:25

Agarose-based Tissue Mimicking Optical Phantoms for Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy

Published on: August 22, 2018

13.3K

Optical differential reflectance spectroscopy for photochromic molecules on solid surfaces.

Fabian Nickel1, Matthias Bernien1, Uwe Lipowski1

  • 1Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|April 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new optical setup for precise measurement of thin molecular layers on surfaces. The enhanced sensitivity allows detailed analysis of photochromic molecule behavior and isomerization kinetics.

More Related Videos

Optical Trapping of Plasmonic Nanoparticles for In Situ Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Characterizations
06:19

Optical Trapping of Plasmonic Nanoparticles for In Situ Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Characterizations

Published on: June 23, 2022

3.0K
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy: Getting the Capillary Refill Test Under One's Thumb
06:50

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy: Getting the Capillary Refill Test Under One's Thumb

Published on: December 2, 2017

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Agarose-based Tissue Mimicking Optical Phantoms for Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy
09:25

Agarose-based Tissue Mimicking Optical Phantoms for Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy

Published on: August 22, 2018

13.3K
Optical Trapping of Plasmonic Nanoparticles for In Situ Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Characterizations
06:19

Optical Trapping of Plasmonic Nanoparticles for In Situ Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Characterizations

Published on: June 23, 2022

3.0K
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy: Getting the Capillary Refill Test Under One's Thumb
06:50

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy: Getting the Capillary Refill Test Under One's Thumb

Published on: December 2, 2017

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Surface science
  • Photochemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Optical reflectance studies of thin adsorbates reveal molecular property changes.
  • Previous technical advancements were needed for detecting subtle reflectance variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an experimental setup for high-quality optical reflectance measurements of submonolayers and ultrathin layers.
  • To quantify isomerization kinetics of photochromic molecules on surfaces.
  • To demonstrate the setup's capability by characterizing a spirooxazine derivative on bismuth.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing photomultipliers as detectors to improve signal-to-noise ratio.
  • Minimizing light exposure to the sample by at least four orders of magnitude.
  • High-quality optical reflectance measurements.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a threefold enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio.
  • Significantly reduced light exposure to the sample.
  • Successfully characterized photoswitching and thermal switching of a spirooxazine derivative.

Conclusions:

  • The developed experimental setup enables precise optical characterization of thin molecular layers.
  • The setup is effective for studying photochromic molecule isomerization kinetics.
  • Demonstrated utility for analyzing photoswitching and thermal switching phenomena.