Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
Published on: September 12, 2016
CNS immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Lauren Bowen1, Avindra Nath1, Bryan Smith1
1Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute for Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Abstract:
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) describes a syndrome of aberrant reconstituted immunity, often in association with HIV infection, beginning with a normalization of CD4+ T-cell counts resulting in a dysregulated immune response against an infecting opportunistic pathogen and the host. In this chapter, we discuss the unique nature of IRIS when present in the central nervous system (CNS IRIS) and the changes experienced with each host pathogen and its unique influence on the immune system. Consensus on the mechanism of action of the immune system in IRIS pathology is less clear and multiple theories have been proposed. Here we explore the early history of the term IRIS, proposed mechanisms and animal models, as well as common CNS pathogens associated with IRIS, and management strategies.
Related Concept Videos
What is the Immune System?
Inflammatory Response
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine
CNS Depressants: Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines
Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair
The typical wound exudate is odorless, transparent, straw-colored, thin, and watery. Exudate, however, can differ depending on the state of wound healing. Likewise, the...
CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents

