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Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

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Published on: June 12, 2017

NeuroAIDS in children.

Jo M Wilmshurst¹, Charles K Hammond¹, Kirsty Donald¹

¹Department of Paediatrics, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

|April 2, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in children can lead to neuroAIDS, affecting cognitive and psychiatric health. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is crucial but underutilized in sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting a significant public health challenge.

Keywords:

ART HIV adolescence cerebrovascular disease children cognition epilepsy psychiatric disorders

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Infectious Diseases
Pediatrics

Background:

HIV-1 rapidly enters the central nervous system, causing neuroAIDS in 50-90% of untreated children.
Sub-Saharan Africa faces a high burden of pediatric neuroAIDS due to low combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) uptake (30%).
Complex factors including disease, immune response, drug side effects, and socioeconomic challenges impact pediatric neuroAIDS.

Purpose of the Study:

To address the neurologic complications associated with HIV-1 infection in children and adolescents.
To explore the spectrum of neurocognitive and psychiatric sequelae in pediatric HIV-1.
To discuss the interplay of disease, treatment, and socioeconomic factors in pediatric neuroAIDS.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on HIV-1 neurological complications in pediatric populations.
Analysis of neuroimaging findings in affected children and adolescents.
Examination of psychiatric manifestations and adverse drug reactions.

Main Results:

NeuroAIDS manifests as neurocognitive disorders and psychiatric symptoms like depression and ADHD.
Neuroimaging reveals white-matter tract dysfunction, particularly in frontostriatal networks.
Antiretroviral drugs can cause treatment-limiting neurologic and neuropsychiatric adverse effects.

Conclusions:

HIV-1 poses significant neurological and psychiatric risks to children and adolescents.
Effective cART and addressing socioeconomic barriers are critical for managing pediatric neuroAIDS.
Further research is needed to understand and mitigate long-term neurocognitive and psychiatric consequences.