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How is tolerance generated?

G J Nossal1

  • 1Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.

Ciba Foundation Symposium
|January 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunological tolerance involves purging self-reactive cells, suppressor cells, or antigen processing. Current evidence suggests repertoire purging is incomplete, requiring redefinition for specific antigens and affinities.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Immunological tolerance prevents autoimmune responses.
  • Three main theories explain tolerance: repertoire purging, suppressor cells, and antigen accessibility.
  • Repertoire purging includes clonal deletion, abortion, and anergy, with anergy favored experimentally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze the major theories of immunological tolerance.
  • To discuss the limitations of current theories, particularly repertoire purging.
  • To highlight experimental challenges in studying tolerance mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing theories on immunological tolerance.
  • Analysis of experimental evidence supporting or refuting each theory.
  • Discussion of technical limitations in current assays.

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Main Results:

  • Self-reactive lymphocytes are detectable in vitro, indicating incomplete repertoire purging.
  • Suppressor cells' ability to discriminate self from non-self remains unproven.
  • Antigen accessibility and processing are crucial factors in immune induction.

Conclusions:

  • All three tolerance mechanisms likely contribute to different models.
  • Repertoire purging requires redefinition regarding antigen type and affinity thresholds.
  • Technical assay limitations impede definitive experimental solutions.