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Related Concept Videos

Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

Classifying Matter by Composition

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According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
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Behaviors are actions that an organism engages in—they can be related to finding food, reproducing, defending against threats, and many other possible actions. Behaviors include activities related to the environment around the animal—such as migration—as well as social interactions within a species or population. Many behaviors involve motor output—that is, muscle movements—while others involve less visible actions, such as learning.
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The blood in our bodies comprises three major components: blood plasma, formed elements, and the extracellular matrix. Blood plasma is a yellowish fluid that constitutes 55% of the total blood volume. It is primarily made up of water and essential substances such as electrolytes and proteins. Blood plasma serves as a medium for transporting blood cells and also contains nutrients, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and gases.
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A Method to Assess Bacteriocin Effects on the Gut Microbiota of Mice
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Diet, gut microbiota composition and feeding behavior.

Jiyoung S Kim1, Claire B de La Serre1

  • 1Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.

Physiology & Behavior
|April 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Gut microbiota alterations, or dysbiosis, are linked to metabolic and behavioral disorders. Targeting gut bacteria-associated inflammation may offer therapeutic benefits for these conditions.

Keywords:
Food intakeMicrobiotaMicrogliaVagal afferents

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Sequencing technologies enable detailed microbiota analysis, revealing individual variations.
  • Gut microbiota dysbiosis is implicated in metabolic and behavioral disorders.
  • The gut microbiota communicates with the central nervous system, influencing host behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of gut microbiota in host behavior and metabolic regulation.
  • To explore the communication pathways between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system.
  • To assess the therapeutic potential of modulating gut microbiota-associated inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of microbiota composition using advanced sequencing technologies.
  • Investigating the effects of L. rhamnosus supplementation on anxiety in mice.
  • Utilizing vagotomy to determine the role of the vagus nerve in microbiota-host signaling.
  • Examining the impact of chronic high-fat feeding on vagal pathways and energy intake.

Main Results:

  • L. rhamnosus supplementation reduced anxiety in mice.
  • Vagotomy abolished the anxiolytic effects of L. rhamnosus, highlighting the vagus nerve's role.
  • Chronic high-fat feeding altered vagal afferent pathways and increased energy intake.
  • Microbiota-induced inflammation appears to mediate these effects.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota influences host behavior and metabolism through pathways involving the vagus nerve.
  • Microbiota-induced inflammation plays a role in metabolic and behavioral disorders.
  • Dietary interventions to prevent bacterial inflammation may offer therapeutic strategies for these conditions.