Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation01:10

Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation

741
Signal processing techniques are essential for accurately converting continuous signals to digital formats and vice versa. When a continuous signal is sampled with a period T, the resulting sampled signal exhibits replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain, spaced at intervals equal to the sampling frequency. To handle this sampled signal, a zero-order hold method can be applied, which creates a piecewise constant signal by retaining each sample's value until the next...
741
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

2.9K
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
2.9K
Aggression01:47

Aggression

30.4K
Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for...
30.4K
Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

37.6K
Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
37.6K
Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

8.0K
Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
8.0K
Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

21.7K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
21.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pancreatic Stone Protein in Burns: Clinical Value of Bedside Testing-A Prospective Pilot Study.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

[Primary care for people with disabilities in Munich: results of a cross-sectional study].

Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany))·2026
Same author

Alterations in the red blood cell rheology in pancreatic cancer.

Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation·2026
Same author

[Conception and implementation of a training concept for nursing professionals for conducting video consultations: an original contribution].

Pflege·2026
Same author

From Serum to Surgery: The Significance of Albumin in Preoperative Risk Stratification-An Analysis of 200,015 Plastic Surgery Patients.

Aesthetic plastic surgery·2026
Same author

Effects of primary admission vs. secondary transfer to burn centers on mortality: An analysis of the German Burn Registry.

Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
10:44

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System

Published on: May 24, 2017

12.2K

Does Cigarette Smoking Harm Microsurgical Free Flap Reconstruction?

Denis Ehrl1,2, Paul I Heidekrueger2,3, Elisabeth M Haas1

  • 1Department of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.

Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery
|April 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Cigarette smoking did not significantly impact microsurgical free flap reconstruction outcomes, despite potential increases in minor and major complications. This study evaluated outcomes in smokers versus nonsmokers undergoing these complex procedures.

More Related Videos

Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System
06:07

Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System

Published on: October 22, 2020

7.7K
A Protocol for Detecting and Scavenging Gas-phase Free Radicals in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke
09:23

A Protocol for Detecting and Scavenging Gas-phase Free Radicals in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke

Published on: January 2, 2012

19.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
10:44

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System

Published on: May 24, 2017

12.2K
Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System
06:07

Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System

Published on: October 22, 2020

7.7K
A Protocol for Detecting and Scavenging Gas-phase Free Radicals in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke
09:23

A Protocol for Detecting and Scavenging Gas-phase Free Radicals in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke

Published on: January 2, 2012

19.9K

Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Microsurgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • Free tissue transfers are vital for reconstructive surgery.
  • The impact of cigarette smoking on microsurgical free flap outcomes is debated.
  • This study investigates smoking's effect on these reconstructions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of cigarette smoking on microsurgical free flap reconstructions.
  • To compare complication rates and overall outcomes between smokers and nonsmokers.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 969 microvascular free flap reconstructions over 7 years.
  • Patients categorized into smoker (S) and nonsmoker (NS) groups.
  • Data included demographics, perioperative details, complications, flap types, recipient sites, survival, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Smoker and nonsmoker groups were comparable in comorbidities and procedure types.
  • Nonsmokers were older with higher obesity prevalence.
  • No significant differences in major or minor complication rates or overall outcomes were observed between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Cigarette smoking did not significantly affect overall outcomes in microsurgical free flap reconstructions.
  • While some complication parameters showed increases in smokers, these did not reach statistical significance for overall success.