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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Mechanistic Models: Overview of Compartment Models01:21

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Mechanistic models, a category encompassing both physiological and compartmental modeling, differ from empirical models' approaches to incorporating known factors about the systems being modeled. Empirical models describe data with minimal assumptions, while mechanistic models aim to provide a robust description of available data by specifying assumptions and integrating known factors about the system. Compartmental analysis is a key example of a mechanistic model in pharmacokinetics and...
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Quantitative Aspects of Drug-Receptor Interaction01:30

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The receptor occupancy theory connects a drug's response to the number of occupied receptors. With higher drug concentrations, more receptors are occupied, leading to increased responses. The formation of drug-receptor complexes involves association and dissociation rates, which reach equilibrium when the forward and backward reactions are equal. The equilibrium association constant (Ka) and its inverse, the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd), indicate drug affinity. Higher Ka and lower...
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What is a Frequency Distribution00:51

What is a Frequency Distribution

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A frequency is the number of times a value of the data occurs. The sum of all the frequency values represents the total number of students included in the sample. It is commonly used to group data of quantitative types. Frequency distributions can be displayed in a table, histogram, line graph, dot plot, or pie chart, just to name a few. A histogram is a graphical representation of tabulated frequencies, shown as adjacent rectangles, erected over discrete intervals (bins), with an area equal to...
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Mean From a Frequency Distribution01:11

Mean From a Frequency Distribution

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Sometimes, data gathered from an experiment on a large sample or population are organized into concise tables. In such cases, the frequency of the quantitative data set is plotted in the form of a table. Or else, the data values are grouped into the quantity’s intervals, which form classes, and their respective frequencies are known. That is, the data values are distributed over different categories or classes. This is known as frequency distribution.
When such a data set is encountered,...
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Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis01:23

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis

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Mechanistic models are utilized in individual analysis using single-source data, but imperfections arise due to data collection errors, preventing perfect prediction of observed data. The mathematical equation involves known values (Xi), observed concentrations (Ci), measurement errors (εi), model parameters (ϕj), and the related function (ƒi) for i number of values. Different least-squares metrics quantify differences between predicted and observed values. The ordinary least...
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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Treatment with Vancomycin Loaded Calcium Sulphate and Autogenous Bone in an Improved Rabbit Model of Bone Infection
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[Vancomycin nephrotoxicity: Frequency and mechanistic aspects].

Yosu Luque1, Laurent Mesnard1

  • 1Urgences néphrologiques et transplantation rénale, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; UMR_S1155, Inserm, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; Sorbonne université, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France.

Nephrologie & Therapeutique
|April 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vancomycin can harm kidneys, with risks increasing due to factors like overdose or other drugs. Identifying these risks is crucial for safe vancomycin use and preventing kidney damage.

Keywords:
AminoglycosideAminosidesIntratubular castNephrotoxicityNéphrotoxicitéPiperacillin–tazobactamPipéracilline–tazobactamPrécipitation intratubulaireVancomycinVancomycine

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Vancomycin, a critical antibiotic, has a debated nephrotoxic potential.
  • Renal impairment occurs in 5-30% of patients, influenced by risk factors.
  • Concurrent use with piperacillin-tazobactam may elevate nephrotoxicity risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the nephrotoxic potential of vancomycin.
  • To identify risk factors and mechanisms of vancomycin-induced kidney injury.
  • To emphasize the need for risk mitigation strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of vancomycin nephrotoxicity.
  • Analysis of physiopathological mechanisms: oxidative stress and cast formation.
  • Identification of clinical risk factors: overdose, CKD, obesity, hypovolemia, co-administered nephrotoxic drugs.

Main Results:

  • Vancomycin can cause acute tubular injury and rapid renal function decline.
  • Mechanisms include tubular cell oxidative stress and intraluminal cast formation.
  • Risk factors significantly increase the likelihood of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Vancomycin nephrotoxicity is a significant clinical concern.
  • Understanding risk factors is essential for safe vancomycin administration.
  • Further experimental studies are needed to confirm drug interaction risks.